Method of hair waving



Feb. 22, 1938. G. FREUDENBERG ETAL METHOD OF HAIR WAVING ,Filed Feb. 3, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet l www,

Feb. 22, 1938. G. FREUDENBERG ET AL. A 2,108Q963 METHOD oF HAIR wAvING Filed Feb. 5, 193e 8 Sheets-sheet 2 mda@ ATTORN EYS Fell 22, 1938. e. FREUDENBERG ET Al. 2,108,963

METHOD OF HAIR WAVING Filed Feb. 3, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 f l l 23a 237 f 26@ 2442/ 2411 5,4252 f 2445 2.50 242 225.111: 252:56 'i "Hlhfqlllh: 'Huhn' Il'Illy Milly) I u 261 y I 'l J 236 INVEN-rons '260 a Gi FBEUE/VBEEG 7 J A?. E. ,ef/M595 L l/ )j zas BY a ATTO RN EYS METHOD OF HAIR WAVING Filed Feb. 3, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 NNJ NANS EN www@ WN\N

ATTORNEYS Feb- 22, 1938. G, FREUDENBERG ET Al. A 2,108,963

METHOD OF HAIR WAVING Filed Feb. 3, 19:56 ssheets-sneet 5 I Ff?. 70.

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METHOD oF HAIR wAvING Filed Feb. 5, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORNEYS 8 Sheets-Shea?l '7 .Filed Feb. 3, 1936 WU NSG,

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, lNvENToRs Garn/aen Pegau-Neges ,gu/vega E. ,e5/Maas ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES e, mi i METHOD OF HAIR WAVING Gotthard Freudenberg, New York, N. Y., and

Alfred Edmund Reimers,

Harrington Park,

v N. J., assignors to The Nestle-Lemur Company,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of Ohio Application February 3, 1936, Serial No. 62,094

' zo claims. (o1. 132-36) The present invention relates to a method and mechanical system for hair waving.

'Although the present invention has broad ap-A plication to methods of hair waving' generally where the hair is submitted to the influence of heat to cause it to take on permanent wave characteristics, the present invention, however, will be. illustratively described in connection with the processes of Croquignole hair waving.

In methods of Croquignole hair waving in use up to the present time, it was customary to block off the hair on the womans head in squares or small areas and to gather the strand of hair from each arca into a strand which strand was l5 clamped closely adjacent to thescalp by means of a clamping device.

.The end of the strand ywas wound up on the curling rod until the curling rod reached the clamp whereupon the curling rod was iitted into pivotal'rnounts in the clamp and was tightened up by a key and cooperating ratchet combination on the clamp vand curling rod.

After the coil of hair had been suitably clamped and placed on the curling rods as described, and

after such curling rods had been placed upon the clamp and tightened, a small pad having a .felt

` or fabric face moistened with a suitable solution with an impermeable foil and/or papervbacking outwardly was placed on the hair coil.

The pad was then clamped into position by an electrical heating device consisting of two elongated semi-circular jaw elements which Were spring pressed together and which were provided with electrical resistance heating units, each-of the clamps being preferably connected by in-V sulated wires to a hair waving machine having suitable electrical connections or electrical controls and enabling control ofthe heating eiIect of the heating devices or heaters.

In this process of hair waving the heat applied by the heating clamp to the pad and to the curl of hair inside would gradually increase over a i0 with the result that the temperature applied to the hair inside the hair waving pady would rapidly increase particularly when too little solution was applied and after all the moisture had been evaporated. l

In addition, the large number of Wires which 4with dry chemicals.

hang down from the hair waving machine or hair waving head to the various heaters positioned above the clamps of or around the head of the woman whose hair was being waved not only gave the woman a sense of being encaged and being subjected to'some unpleasant operation, and in addition, caused the person whose hair was being waved to remain in substantially xed position without being able to move about, read or indulge in. other recreation.

The process also took considerable time, usually requiring a preheating period of 31/2 minutes, a heating and steaming period of 5.minutes and a cooling period of 5 minutes, a total of about 114/2 minutes before the heaters could be removed.

Other methods of hair Waving have also been suggested in `which the hair waving machine and the large number of wires extending dorm to the head of the customer had been eliminated, which involved the utilization of pads or pouches filled These pouches upon being moistened would heat up due to inter-reaction of the chemicals and cause a heating of the hair.

AHo-wever, the amount and control of the heat in this type of pad Was not satisfactory and the chemical material, although carefully prepared and graded, would nevertheless, give uneven elects.

In addition, the pads would be subjected to the action oi the atmosphere moisture and temperature before being applied to the hair and this also would cause a substantial variation in the heating powers of the pad.

It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an improved process of hair waving and particularly Croquignole hair wavingin which the customer would not be constrained or caused to remain in xed position without being able to move her head freely, which will eliminate the necessityoiv having a large number of wires extending down from the .machine to the head of thev customer, and which at the same time, permit an accurate and careful control of the heat applied to the hair, and which further would substantially shorten the period during which the. heaters are applied to the hair andthe time required to complete the permanent Wave.

With such a shorter waving operation, a greater burden is placed upon the operator since the time periods of the shorter heating operations becomemore critical andvin addition the operator must function with greater rapidity and increased accuracy. l

1t is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide a heating arrangement which will enable a more accurate control of the amount of heat applied to the hair being curled and the temperature of the heaters when so applied. independent ofthe thought or judgement of the operator, which although it may be manually initiated into operation, will be automatically controlled to prevent overheating or vgeneration of excessive temperatures,

A still further ohec't is to provide an improved hair waving system of the type described/in-` cluding mechanical and electrical arrangements in which the various elements of the mechanical and electrical arrangements to be used may be of an inexpensive and durable construction and may be more readily assembled, handled, repaired and replaced. f

Other objects will be obvious or will appear during the course of the following specification.

In the preferred construction, the machine is provided with a plurality of heater rods, arranged in series or in groups, so that assurance will be had that the heaters will be elevated to the proper temperature, even though a considerable time elapse between the time that the first heater is placed upon the pad encircling the coiled hair and the last heater has been placed in position upon the hair coils of the same person or cusmembers of a suitable magnesium alloy, devoid of y resistance heating means, but which may be heated to a proper temperature when placed on the heating rods which are constructed so as t6 enable the heater to be placed thereon and which will insure a predetermined amount of heat being transmitted to and stord up in said heater. Y

It has been found desirable to provide a test rod to receive a plurality of heaters to enable a determination of the most satisfactory steaming period and also to provide a plurality of additional rods to receive and preheat the heaters employed during the hair waving operation.

Because of the speed of operation it has been found desirable not to heat all the heaters at one time, but just sumcient at a time so that when they have been elevated to proper temperature and the electrical current cut off, they-may bev conveniently all applied to the prepared hair coils before any of the heaters fall to too low a temperature.

To assure maximum accuracy and relieve the operator it is desirable to provide an automatically controlled, manually initiated electrical circuit arrangement which will cut o the current to the heating rodsiwhen the heaters have been raised to proper .temperature and which will also indicate when the'lieaters have thereafter fallen to too low a temperature to be utilized.

This will avoid the possibility of the heaters overheating due to oversight on the part of the operatory and also will relieve the necessity 4for the operator to calculate or set the heating time, as heretofore, and will further make it unnecessary for the operator to turn of! the heating current when the heaters have been raised to proper temperature.

The preferred form of circuit for this purpose is a thermostatically controlled circuit with a main relay switch which will be thrown in to energize the heating rods upon manual actuation of the energizing circuit for the solenoid of the relay and which will be thrown bfut of operation to open the circuit by a thermostat, the heating' coil of which may be connected in parallel with the resistance heater.

One type of signal may be provided to be i1- luminated when the main heating current is on and another type of signal may be provided to indicate when the heating rods and heaters thereon are still being maintained byproper temperature after the main heating 'current has been turned o. I l

In the preferred construction, the heating machine is so correlated in respect to the head of hair being treated that the heating machine is provided with a series of signals indicating to the operator the time at which the heaters may be applied to the hair and taken away from the hair.

vBy using the pre-heating arrangement, as above described, it is possible to decrease the waving period by half since with the method just described, the pre-heating takes place before the heaters are on the head for a period of 41/2 minut'es While the steaming period withl the heaters on the head may be 2 minutes or less, after which the heaters are removed and replaced on the heating rods.

It has been found satisfactory to utilize a hair waving method or process in which the hair is clamped close to the roots and then coiled upon.

a curling rod and amxed with assurance that there will be as little space as possible between the coil of hair upon ythe curling rod andthe scalp, the heater and the curling rod being adapted to cooperate in such a. manner that the waving may be carried out very close or substantially' adjacent to the scalp with a minimum space required for the clamping operation and for .the pivotal mounting of the curling rod.

It was found desirable to form the hair waving pad of a triple layer construction, the inner layer f cient thickness to retain its shape when bent over the coiled hair. l

The above and other objects will appear more `clearly from the following detailed description,

which when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, will illustrate preferred embodiments of the inventive idea.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure l is affront elevational view of the heating r'nachine with the cover opened.

Figure 2 is a side sectional view on the line 2 2 of Figure 1 with the cover in position.

Figure 3 is a showing -of the heater rods vof Figure 1 upon the line 3 3 of Figure 2 with the ing the construction and munting of the ends on the ends lof the heater rods and mounts thereof.

Figures 7, 7a and 8 show one form of thermo-- stat, Figures '7 and 8 being respectively side elevational and top elevational views, the resistance heater being removed from the thermostat in Figure 8 and Figure 7a being a side sectional view upon the line la-1a of Figure 7.

Figures 9 and 10 are alternative wiring diagrams illustrating the electrical connections to the heating rods and to thecontrols of Figures 1 to 8.

Figures 11 and 12 show the heater, Figure 11 being the side elevational view of the heater in position upon the heating rod and Figure 12 being a transverse sectional view on the line |2-I2 of Figure 11, both being upon enlarged scale.

Figure 13 is a topperspective view illustrating how a strand of hair is Wound upon the curling rod and then placed in position on the heater.

Figure 14 is an inside view of one form of hair waving pad which may be utilized to enclose the coil of hair upon the. curling rod of Figure 13, part of the pad being broken away to show the intermediate layer of foil.`

Figure 15 is a top perspective view illustrating how the heater of Figures 11 and 12 may be applied to the coil of hair upon the curling rod after the pad of Figure 14 has been placed there- Figure 16 is a diagrammatic longitudinal sectional view of the coil of hair upon the curling rod enclosed in the heater.

Figure 17 is a diagrammatic plan view similar to Figs. 9 and 10 of another. electrical wiring diagram for thev device of Figures 1 to 5 but utilizing a diierent thermostat construction.

Figures 18, 18a, 18h, and 19 illustrate the thermostat construction utilized in the circuit of Figure 17; Figure 18 being a transverse sectionalv view on the line |8|8 of Figure 19; Figure 18a being a cross sectional view upon line Isa- Isa of Figure 19; Figure 18h being a bottom elevational view on the line |8b|8b of Figure 18a and Figure 19 being a side elevational view on the line |9|9 of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a chart including curves illustrating the operation of the machine of Figures 1 to 5 in heating the heaters of FiguresI 11, 12 and 13 and also illustrating the steaming of the coil of hair after the heater has been placed in position as shown in Figures 15 and 16;

First, brieily to describe the process of permanently waving hair," the head of the woman is divided intogareas and the strands 36 of hair from each of these areas arer collected and clamped closely adjacent to the scalp by the clamping device A of Figure 13 which is provided with a base 25 on which is pivotally mounted at 2l, the lrubber enclosed clamping arm 25. One end of the bar 25 carries a pivotal mount 28 for the curling rod 29 and also the pawl 30 to cooperate with the ratchet 3| on the curling rod 29.

The other pivot mount 32 for the curler rod 29 is carried by the end of the arm 26 and is associated with the latch 33 which enables thel arm 26 to be clamped against the side of the base 25 as best indicated at Figure 13.

These clamping devices A are more fully shown and described and also claimed in the copendlng application of Otto Seiter, Serial No. 52,520,

led December 2, 1935.

'I'he end of the strand 36 is vthen placed upon the curling rod 29, as shown in Figure'13, and the nger 35 is closed down upon it, such finger 35 being pivotally mounted upon the vcurling rod 29 at 34.

The strand of hair 36 is then wound up on the curling rod 29 until the curling rod reaches the pivotal mounts 28 and 32, whereupon the pivot bearing 31 of the curling rod 29 may be placed on the pivot mount 32 and the somewhat larger pivot bearing 38 of the curling rod 29 may be placed in the pivot bearing 28.

'I'he pawl 30 is resilient and will snap onto the ratchet 3|. A

The squared extension 39 at the end of the curling rod 29 enables the curling rod 29 to be tightened by a suitable key (not shown) whereby the hair may be tightened.

It will be n"oted that the pivot mounts 28 and 32 are positioned directly over the front edge of the bar 25 with the result that there will be a minimum stretch of hair between the clamping rod 26 and the curling rod 29. l

After the lstrands of hair, about thirty, have been clamped, wound upon the curling rods 29 and then tightened by the operation just described they may be enclosed in hair waving pads, one of which is shown in Figure 14.

These hair waving pads consist of a sheet o annel or felt 49 to which may be applied 'av suitable treating solution, one form of pad beingv about 21/2 square, and being adapted to receive between 1 to 4 cc. of a suitable treating uid about 2 cc.\being preferred. A

The back of the pad is formed by the sheet of impermeable fabric or parchment paper 4|, the side edges of which are bent over, as indicated at 42 and glued or pasted down to the faceof the' fabric 40. Between the paper back 4| and the fabric face 40 is the yfoil 43, which may be desirably aluminum foil and which is preferably of such a thickness, say between 0.001 to 0.003 and preferably about 0.002 inch, that .it will retain the pad in position about the coil of hair upon the curling strands 36 of hair have been enclosed in tliel moistened pads, as shown in Figure 14, the heaters B, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, are heated upon the heater rods of the machine of Figures 1 to 5 and placed upon the hair, as indicated in Figures 15 and 16.

The heaters B, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, are each provided with two alloy-metal heatstoring jaws 44, the alloy metal for example being metal known as Dow metal or some other alloy, for example containing magnesium and small amounts of aluminum and manganese;

Among the preferred. alloys which may vbe utilized are those containing about 93 tor96% magnesium, 4 to e6% of aluminum and 1/4 to 1/2 of 1% of manganese.

In one construction which has been found satisfactory the cylindrical metal jaws or heat storing members 44 are made about 21A inches in length, about 1/8 to ,3g inch in thickness and about 3A inch in width having a weight of about l16 grams or between about 14 to 18v grams.

To the outside faces of the bars 44 are riveted,

the spacer disks l4|! and to these spacer disks are connected by the same rivets 49 the ends 50 of the U-shaped arm members 5|.

, bakelite or heat insulating finger'pieces 55.

The sides of the members 5| are provided with inturned ears 56 which receive the'pivot rod 51. The pivot rod 51 receives the spring 58, the legs 59'and 60 of which press thetwo finger grip elements 55 apart and the jaws 44 together.

The nger pieces 55 are provided with the slots 60 and 5|, the outside area of the finger piece around the slot 6I being preferably grooved or corrugated to enable a convenient nger grip thereon.

The lower` slots 68 and the spacer disks 48, as shown in Figures l1 and 12 limit or decrease the amount of heat which may be transmitted from the heater jaws 44 to the portion of the nger pieces 55 around the slot 6| which is'handled by the operator. y

The detailed construction of the heater device of Figures l1 and 12 and the hair waving pad of Figure 14 are covered in copending applications.

It will be noticed that the jaws of the heater 44 of Figures 11 and l2 are curved not only so as conveniently to grip the coil of hair indicated at 35 in Figure 16, but also the heating rod 15 as shown in Figures 1l andy 12, the operation of which rod 15 is now to be more fully described in connection with the construction of Figures l to 5 and the wiring diagram of Figure 9 and the thermostatic controls of Figures 7 and 8.

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, the pre-heater machine is provided with `a test heating rod 15 and havingy suiicient place for two heaters as shown in Figures 11 and 12. A group of three heating rods 16 having room for 15 rheaters and another group of three heating rods 11 having room for 15 more heaters are also shown in Figures 1l and 12, all carriedY on the panel structure M.

The panel structure M, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is provided with a sheet metal stand or support 18, the base 19 of which is provided with rollers or. other oor contact members 88. 'Ihe lower portion of the casing 18 forms a compartment 8| receiving the drawers 82 carrying the various supplies such as treating solution, hair Waving pads, and so forth, as shown in Figure 14, clamps as shown in Figures 13 and 15, curling rods as shown in Figure 13 and heaters as shown in Figures 1l and 12.

Access is had to the compartment 8| and the drawers 82 by the doors 83 on the front ofthe cabinet which are provided with handles 84 (see Figure l). The upper part of the cabinet 18 is provided with an enclosure 85, the rear portion of which is provided with the ventilators 88 andthe front portion of which takes barrel form, as indicated at 81. The barrel 81 is intermediately cut away at 88 (see Figure i) to form an opening .through which panel structure M carrying the heating rods 15 to 18 is accessible. The sides of the opening are walled in by the side plates I6.

The side plates I6 of the recess 88 are provided with angle runways carrying a sliding barrel shaped cover 9| by the tongues 9|a (see Figures 2, 4 and 5). The angle runways 90 are welded at their vertical sides I|1 to said side plates IIB (see I Figure 4). The slide plates I I6 are connected by the angles |20 to the casing top 9|, the :flange |2| of the angle member |28 conforming to and being bolted, welded or riveted to the curved portion |22 of the casing 18 (see Figure 4).

The cover 9| is provided with a handle 92 (see Figuresl and 5). When the sliding door 9| is opened or pressed downwardly into the enclosure 85 it is stopped by contact of its end flange 83 against the flange 94 projecting outwardly from the face plate of the panel structure M.

When the sliding cover 9| has been moved up- Wardly to close the recess 88 of Figure l, the inf turned flange 93 will be stopped against the down l turned flange portion 95 (see Figure 5) from the top 91 of the casing 18 and willbe'locked in position by the spring locks 98 which are positioned in the runway 98.

The panel structure M includes the base member |111, of say laminated bakelite or some other relatively strong insulating material.

IIhe bakelite plate i8 is connected by the stud bolts and nuts to the lower ange |12 of the bracket ||3 which at the upper end of its side flange |14 is bolted at ||5 to the dependent sidewall members |15.

The hanger member |18 also provided with an inturned portion 4|23 as shown in Figure 4 which contacts with the periphery of the face of the plate` 95. n

Thesides of the panel ||8 (see Figure 4) receive the insulating bars |24, |24', |242 which are provided with studs |25 lling in recesses or bores i 25 in said panel to x the position thereof.

The bars |24, |24', and |242 are provided with recesses |21 which receive the end of the shells |28 of the heater rods 15, 15 and 11.

Referring to Figure 4, each of the heater bars v 15, 18 and 11 are provided with a central rod |29 of porcelain or some other heat resistant or in- |32 and the washers |33.

From the more closely wound portion |35 of the coil |38, a connecting wire extends through a door through the connector elements |34 and this connecting wire is clamped upon a shelf |41 at the end of the element |34 by the screw |39.

The p'lugl |34 is provided with the cylindrical portion |35. The shoulder or shelf |31 for receiving the bus bar or contact strip |38 which is screwed thereto by the screws or bolts |39 which extend down to the panel ||0 and are held thereon by the nuts |39a.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the heater rods 16 are similarly provided with shelved cylindrical members |39 carrying the bus bar |48 and this bar |48 Ais connected by posts |4| and the screws |42 (see Figure 6) onto the panel |10.

The bus bar |38 in connection with the rods 11 (see Figure 5) is connected by similar posts |43 to the base plate H0 and circuit connections |44 and |45 are respectively made to one each Aof said posts |4| and |43, which in turn supply and |33, the heat generated at the end of the shell |28, adjacent where it is inserted into the recess|21 of the block |24 will be much less than at the middle portions of the shells |28 of the heater rods 18 and 11 so that it is desirable to Wind the coil |38 more closely at |35 adjacent the ends thereof and adjacent the support blocks or bars |24, whereby a. more uniform heat distribution will be maintained over the entire length of the bar assuring that the two end heaters B placed upon each of the rods 16 and-11 will be equally heated with the intermediate groups of three heaters placed upon each of these rods. v

'Ihe cylindrical end portion |41 of the test heater rod 15 (see Figure 6) is connected directly to the posts |46, with its lower portion cut off to about the top of theA post |46. The screw |48 screws into said post through the end portion |41. The lower end of the post, as indicated at |49 passes through the base board/H8 and is provided with the electrical connection |58.

The face plate 95, as shown best in Figure 3 y is supported on the posts |55 fitting in the recesses |56 in the bars |24 (see Figures 3 and 6) and also on the posts |51. The front and back of the recess between the blocks |24 |24' and |242 is enclosed by the front and rear walls 538 and 53| (see Figure l). The plate 95 has a cen- .tral squared opening |18, the width of Vwhich is suicient to permit the rods 16 and 11 to receive ve heaters B each of the type as shown in Figures 1l and 12 and is provided with a smaller recess |1| at the top thereof to expose a portion ofthe rod 15 which will be suilicient to permit said rod to receive two heaters B.

The lower part of the face plate a control and signal board which has a button |13 operating the test rod 15, another button |14 for operating the group of rods 16 and a third button |15 for operating the group of rods 11,

These three buttons |13, |14 and |15 can only be operated one at a time by an arrangement which will be subsequently described in connection with the wiring diagram of Figure 9 so that the heat will be applied only to the rod 15 or to the group of rods 16 or the group of rods 11.

The throw out button |18 (see Figure 1) enables the rods 15 or 18 or 11, according to which is operating to be thrown out of operation.

The central panel |11 covers a central opening in the lower portion |12 of the plate 95 behind which is positioned a series of electric lights, say six in number, which electric lights' respectively illuminate the red windows |18, |19 and |88, said windows being respectively illuminated when the rods 15 or the rods 16 or the rods 11 are being heated by the coils |38.

Positioned alongside of the red windows |18, |19 and |88 are the corresponding' green windows |18', |19 and |88 (see Figure 1) which become illuminated when the red lights go out.

The wiring circuit of Figure 9 which is to'be described, is so arranged that the lights |18 to |88 will automatically be turned off when the rods 15 to 11 have reached the desired temperature and the green lights will then remain illum' inated after the current is cut oil' from the rods 15, 1G and 11, until the rods will have cooled to such a low temperature that the heaters B thereon cannot be satisfactorily applied to a hair coil as illustrated in Figures 16 and 17. The green lights indicate to the operator the period when the heaters may be applied to the hair coils.

The clock |8| which is positioned alongside of the central panel |11 enables a ready indication |12 provides i of when the heaters B should be removed from 4the hair, as indicated at Figures 15 and 16.

'Ihe time intervals will more fully appear in connection with the curves of Figure 20.

As shown best in Figure 5, thesix electric lights |82 which illuminate the red windows |18 to |88 and the green windows |18' to |88' of Figure 3 are received in the sockets |83 which sockets in turn are supported upon the base |84. v

This base is supported by the brackets |85 from the main plate ||8 and the lamps |82 are -separated by the partitioning walls |88 so that 'they will individually illuminate one of the red or green windows |18 to |88 and |18' to |88'.

The thermostat |98 and relay devices |89 which are utilized in the circuit are also carried upon a board |81 which is supported by the bracket |88 from the main base |18.

The4 thermostat elements may be of various types and for example, as shown in Figures '1 and 8 or vFigures 18 and 19 and their structure and operation will be more fully described. The relays |89 may be of conventional structure.

Referring to Figure 9, the rods 15, 16and 11 are respectively provided with circuit connections |58, |44 and |45, the circuit connections |44 and -in Figure 3) the two contacts 2282 and 22| are normally closed while the contact 2|9 is open.

, Buttons |14 and |15 are also respectively provided with normally opened contacts 228 and 22|, while the throw oif button is provided with three closed contacts 2193, 2283 and 22|3.

When the button |18 is depressed to operate the test rod 15 the contacts 2282 and 22| which are on the circuit of the rods 18 and 11 will be opened and the Contact 2|9 will be closed.

The opening'of the contacts 22|)2 and 22| will prevent heating of the rods 16 and 11 when the rod 15 is being heated.

The closure of the contact 2|9 on the other hand, will establish a circuit through the 'conductors 222 and 223 through the coil 225 and conductor 226 to contacts 2|9 of button |14.

Then from the contact 2|9' the current will flow to and through the contact 2|92 which will be closed when the button |15 .has not been depressed. From the contact 2|92 the current will ow to the contact 2193, which will remain closed when the throw off button |16 has not been operated.

From the contact 2|93 the current will flow through the conductor 221 to the thermostat |98 and from the thermostat |98 to the lead 234 and back to the source of energy 2| 4 through the conductor m3.

The flow of current just traced, however, exists only long enoughr to pick up the armature 228 of the relay |89, .thus closing the main circuit from the conductor 2|6 through the switch 228, the conductor |58, the heater rods 15 andthe lead 2|3 back to the source -2|4.

The circuit 2|6 |58 thus closed, however, will assure continued 'energization of the solenoid coil 225 by the Icy-pass resistance 224 and the conductor 226 past the closed contacts 2|9, 2|92, and 2| 93. Therefore, the relay switch 228 will remain closed until the circuit through the coil 225 is opened at one of the contact pairs 2|9, 2|92 or 2|93, or by the opening of the contacts 249 of the thermostat |90.

'I'he ends of the leaf structures 240 and 242 of the thermostat |90 (see Figure 8) are provided respectively with down turned and upturned end fingers 25| and 252 which contact with the end of the adjusting screws 253 and 255. These screws are supported in the brackets 254 and 258. y

The center leaf structure 24| is made of thermostatic bimetallic construction and is much stronger in its resilient action so that when it is in extreme positions it Will force the iingers 25| and 252 off their adjusting screws 253 and 255 as indicated by the space 263 in Figure 7a..

As indicated in Figure 8, and also in Figure 9, when the coil 233 starts to heat concurrently with the rod 15 the structures 240 and 24| will move together with the contacts 249 closed to maintain a circuit to energize the solenoid 225 and lclose the relay |89. In four to five minutes the Y which is stopped against the end of the screw 255,

to close the contact 250.

The adjustment of the screws 253 and 255 should be such that as soon as the contacts 249 have separated then the contacts 250' will be,I

closed and referring to Figure 9, this operation will extinguish the red signal |18 and connect the conductor 2.51 to the conductors 234 and 2|3 illuminating the green signal |18'.

The opening of the contacts 2 49 lshould take place-when the rod 218 has been heated to the proper temperature say between 700 and 800 degrees F. The opening of the contacts 249 will deenergize the solenoid 225 of the relay |89 perinitting the switch 228 to open and cutting off the heating coil |30 within the rod 15, and the heating resistance element 233 of the thermostat device.

The extinguishing of the red signal |18 and to the operators of the machine v(see Figures 1 to 5) that the heaters on the rods 15 have been elevated to the proper temperature for application to the pad enclosing the coilof hair as in Figures 15 and 16.

Since no further current has been supplied to the rod 15 and to the resistance element 233 of the thermostat |90, the temperaturewill begin to fall and as soon as this occurs the bi-metallic vstructure 24| will move back to original position as shown in Figure 8, -with the contacts 250' closed until the nger 252 strikes the end of the adjusting screw 255.

Since the bi-metallic structure 24| will continue to move toward the position of Figure 8 the contacts 250 will be separated opening the circuit across the green signal |18' which will give anindication to the operator of the machine of Figures 1 to 5 that the heating clamps of Figures 11 vand 12'are now at too low a temperature to be u sed in permanent hair waving operation.

In the meanwhile, when the operator has removed the heaters from the rods 15, hewlll b@ able to set the clock |8| to a desired number of minutes of steaming time and when the clock rings a bell, as shown, which may be provided therein or lights a light which may also be provided if desired, the heaters of Figures 11 and 12 are removed from the hair coils, as shown in Figures 15, 16 and replaced in the same order on the rods 15. i

As indicated in Figure 20, the solid curve 258 diagrammatically represents the change in temperature of the semi-cylindrical elements 44 of the heaters of Figures 11 and 12 while the dotted curve 259 represents the temperature of .the hair coil.

As soon as and as long as the solenoid 225 has been energized the switch 228 forming part of the relay |89 will be closed completing the circuit of the heater rod 15 across the contacts 229 and The current will also ow in parallel with the heater rod 15 across the conductor 232 which will illuminate the red signal |18 and through the resistance 233 and the conductor 234 to the other side of the circuit 2|4 said resistance 233 forming part of the thermostat construction |90.

The construction of Figure 9 is shown in detail in Figures 7 and 8 and it consists of an in-' sulated base 235 which is screwed at 236 to the base |81 (see Figure 7).

The basev carries the Z-brackets 231 and 238 which are screwed at 239 and 244 to said base 235 and at their upper ends are provided with connections 258 to the resistance heater 233 which is circuited across the conduits |50 and 234, as shown in Figure 9.

Directly under the resistanceheater 233 are the spring leaf constructions 240, 24| and 242 which are normally in the position as shown in Figures '7a and 8 when cold. The spring construction 24| may include bi-metallic elements, as may also the constructions 240 and 242.

The leaf structures 240, 24| and 242 are mounted at 259 and clamped together with insulating separators 260 by the bolts 26|.

The leaf structures 240. 24| and 242 are respectively connected to the binding posts 243, 244

connected by the contacts 249 while the leaf structures 240 and 242 are adapted to be connected by the contacts 250. 'Ihe center leaf structure 24| is'al'so preferably provided with radiating ns not shown or other radiating means to assure that it will cool down sulciently rapidly to correspondv to the rate of cooling of the heater rod 15 and the heaters thereon.

It will be noted that'in Figure 20 the thermostat of Figures 7 and 8 is adjusted so that the current will be on for about four minutes presenting a red signal whereupon a thermostat will -automatically turn off the current to the heating rod 15, and also turn off the red signal |18.

At the same time, the green light |18' will light for such a period until the heater rods 15 or the heat storing elements thereon, as indicated in 'Figures 11 and 12 will have fallen in temperature so that they mayno longer be satisfactorily utilized for Waving hair.

As indicated in Figure 20, the heating is dis-A temperature above 700 degrees F., however, being maintained for about two minutes as indicated by the green signal. y

As soon as each of the heaters of Figures 11 and 12 have been removed from the rod 15 and placed upon the hair coil, their temperature will drop Very rapidly as shown by the curve 258 in Figure 20 and at the same time, temperature of the hair coil Will abruptly be raised to the steaming temperature, as shown by the dotted curve 259 which steaming temperature may be 4maintained for a period of time which may vary with the character of hair from between one to three minutes.

The test rod 15 holding two heater devices, as shown in Figures 11 and 12 enables a testing of a strand of hair which will' determine the best heating period for the entire head of hair.

It will be noted in referring to Figure 20 that the temperature curve 258 of the heaters and I2 is so controlled that the hair will be substantially raised to the steaming temperature of 212 degrees well within the first twenty seconds and maintained at such temperature for substantially a minute and a half. When the steaming has been completed, the heater B of Figures 11 and 12 is removed from the hair and replaced on the rod 15.

The pad of Figure 14 is then removed from the hair coil and the hair coil ispermitted to cool while tightly coiled upon the curling rod 29 as indicated at Figures 15 and 16 before it is un-wound therefrom so that it will attain a permanent wave effect.

The process just described in connection with the test rod 15 may be repeated in connection with the groups 16 and 11, similarly functioning parts being indi-.cated by the same numerals primed in the Wiring diagram of Figure 9.

In connection with the heating rods 16, the but-- ton |14 when depressed will close the normally open contact 220 and open the contact 2|9 and 22|2. This will energize the solenoid |89 and close the switch 220 whereupon electric current will ow through the coils and the heater rods 16,- the opening of the contacts 219' and 22|2 preventing closing of the switches 228 and 2282.

At the same time, the red signal |19 will light and when the rods 16 has been heated to the proper temperature the contact 249' will open- 'oi the 15 heaters B from the rods 16 and applying them to the hair will take about one minute.

At the start of the operation, the clock |81 is operated to ring at the end of the desired steam.- ing time determined by the test previously described (which steaming time, for example,'may be about three minutes).

As soon as the clock IBI-rings indicating the steaming time is up, the operator then removes`-` the heaters B inthe same order from vthe 'hair' coils assaid heaters B Weregplaced/thereon.

By removing the heaters from the rods'l and then re-.placing them on'th'e rods' '1 8 inthe same order, assurance is had: that `eachcoil 'ofv hair will have about the same length of treatment, say three minutes.

Usually, a normal head of hairwill have about 30 coils of hair to be treated necessitating the utilization of 30 heaters B.

In such a case, as soon as the heaters have Abeen'removed from the rods -1li and then replaced thereon, after the hair has been steamed,

the pads are removed from the hair which is permitted to cool to room temperature, as indicated in Figure 20, by the dotted curve.

The other 15 coils of hair are then processed in the same manner by heaters B raised to temperature on rods 11. v

The heating of the rods 11 may be initiated by pressing the button |15 to close the contact 22| and open the contacts 2|!)2 and 220', the latter preventing simultaneous closure of the switches 228 and 228. i

Only one of the rods or group of rods 15, 16, 11 may be heated at one time in view of the fact the buttons |13, |14 and |15 in closing their own circuits simultaneously open the circuitsV of the other groups.

The red signals |81, |19 and |80 respectively indicate when the rods 15 to 11 are being heated and the green signals |18? to |80 indicate when the rods 15 to 11 have been raised to proper temperature so that the heaters-B may be removed therefrom and applied to the hair coils. l

The throw oi button |16 controls contacts 2 |93, 2203 and 22 |3 which normally remainclosed, but which, when open, will throw out the relay switches 228, 228 or 2282.

It is, of course, apparent that each one of the heater rods might be provided with an individual control as test rod 15 or the rods 15 to 11 could be arranged in other groupings to carry a smaller or larger number of heaters than two for the rods 15 or l5 each for the groups of rods 16 and 11.

It has been found, however, in commercial practice that the grouping as set forth herein is most satisfactory and lends itself to the convenience of the operator of the hair waving machine.

'I'he wiring diagram of Figure 17 is substantially the same as that of Figure 9 except that the thermostatic arrangement of Figures 18 and.

19 is utilized in lieu of the thermostatic arrangement of Figures 7 and 8.

Identical parts on Figure 17 as on Figure 9 are indicated by the same numerals as on Figure 9.

The thermostat of Figures 18 to 19 is normally supported from the base 300 by the mounting sleeves 30| which are attached-to the base by screws 531.. The thermostat construction per se is provided with the opposite contact carrying plates 302, 303 which are spaced apart by the sleeves 538, said sleeves receiving the bolts 539 which screw into the mounting sleeves 30|.

Between the contact plates 302 and 303, is positioned the bi-metallic thermostatic plate 304. The thermostatic plate 304 at its adjacent periphery is provided with studs 540 which carry the contact plates 54|. 'I'hebi-metallic plate 304 carries one plate 54| Aatfone side to cooperate with the contacts 3|3 and three plates 58| atthe otherside toV cooperate with the contacts 3| 3| and 3|2.

, The contacts 3|3, best shownin Figures 18a and 1822 are adjustable and they includethe stud screws 542 which are lockedin position by lock nuts 5 3 on the spring leaves`544. The spring leaves 544 are' connected at 545 to the binding posts 301. The binding posts 301 are provided with'the clamping screw 546.` The insulating plates 541 are positioned between the leaves'544 and the base plate 302.

The recess 548 permits ready access to the studs 542 and lock nuts 543 to *enable adjustment.

'Ihe binding posts 305 are connected to the contacts 3| 2. The binding posts 306 are each respectively connected to one of -the members of the pairs of contacts 3|| and 3||a. The other contacts of the pairs 3|| and 3| la are connected by the studs 555 (see Figures 18a and 18b) to the end leads of the resistance coil 3| 1.

The studs 555, the coil 3|1, the posts 305 and 306 and the contacts 3| 3| la and 3|2 are insulated from the plate 303 by the insulating discs 510 and 51|.

By the arrangement, as shown when the bimetallic plate 304 snaps away from the contacts 3H, Sila, and 3|2 the resistance heating coil 3|1 will be entirely cut off from the circuit 2|6, 250 and the circuit through the main resistance heater 215 will be broken at two points at both sides of the auxiliary resistance heater 3|1.

The snap action of the bi-metallic plate is adjustable since the plate is supported at 556 by the threaded stud 551 which screws through the outer plate 303 of the thermostat.

By loosening the lock nut 558 and applying a wrench to the squared end 559 of the stud 551, an adjustment of the bi-metallic plate 304 may be had.

The heating coils, as diagrammatically indicated at 3|1, 3|1 and 3|12 on Figure 17 are associated with the bi-metallic plate 304 so as to cause snapping of said plate from the position as shown in Figure 17, where it closes the contacts 3| I, 3| la and 3| 2 to the opposite position where it closes the contacts 3| 3 and opens the contactsV When the rods 15 to 11 in the diagram of Fig-4 ue 17 have' heated sufciently, the resistance elements 3|1 to 3|12 will have sufficiently raised the temperature of the bi-metallic platesv'304 respectively to cause them to snap over into the opposite curvature from that indicated in Figure 17 and close the contacts 3|3 cutting of! the supply of electric current to the heater rods 15` The closure of the contacts 3|3 will cause the illumination of the green signals |18', |19' or |80' respectively.

As soon asv the thermostats havecooled down, the thermostat plates 304 to 3042 of Figure 17 will snap over to their initial positions, as indicated in Figure 17, to await another operation by the push buttons |13 to |15.

It is, of course, obvious the circuit connections,`

as shown in Figures 9 and 17 may be varied so as to cut in a resistance into the circuit of the -rods 15 to 11 and thus maintain them at the elevated temperature for a longer period of time and it is also possible to arrange the circuits so that the rods 16 and 11 will be successively or simultaneously heated to the desired temperature.

In the alternative wiring diagram of Figure 10, the rods 15, 16 and 11 are controlled by means of thermostatic bi-metallic plates 325, 325', 3252',

3253 which are respectively provided with the auxiliary heating coils 326, 326', 3262, 3263. One of the higher resistance heating coils 3263 of the plate 3253 is connected in parallel or in shunt with each of the heating coils 326, 326', 3263. When heated to the predetermined .temperature the plates 325 will snap over into the dotted line When the button 600 is closed it will cause energlzation of the solenoid 328 through the circuit 602, 603, the resistances 604, 605, the conductor 606, the thermostat 3253 and the conductor 601 back tothe source. `Energization of the solenoid 328 after closure of the switch 329 through the conductors 602, 608, the switch 329 and then through the same course as previously described.

The throw-out button 60| will act as a shunt across the solenoid- 328 to enable de-energization thereof at any time.

When the switch is in the position of Figure 10, the rod 15 will be heated and the red signal |18 in parallel with the rod 15 is illuminated until the resistance coil 326 heats up the thermostat plate 325 suilciently to cause it'to snap over.

'Ihis will open the circuit through the rod .15 and the red signal |18. The opening of the circuit at the plate 325 will cause an increased cur- -rent to flow through the conductor 6|0 lighting the green signal and through the conductor 6|| and the respective coil '3263.

As a result the plate 3253 will be heated and in a short time the plate will snap over into dotted line position de-energizing the relay solenoid 328 and opening the switch 329. 'I'his will happen before the plates 325, 325' or 3252 have cooled sufficiently to snap-back into solid line position.

'I'his opening of the switch 329 may also be ac.

complished at -any time desired by closing the button connection 60|. The green signal |19 will then be extinguished.

To start the pre-heating again it is necessary to close the switch 600, when the plates 325 to 3253 have cooled and snapped back to their solid line positions, and after the vrod or rods 15 to 11 to be heated have been selected by the switch 330.

Instead of heaters of the type of Figures 11 and 12, heaters with resistance coils in their jaws may be employed and positioned in connector sockets or between spring contact clips which cause a heating current to elevate such jaws to a desired temperature. lThis ofcourse would eliminate the rods 15 to 11 but the circuits of Figures 9, 10 and 17 and the stand of Figures 1 l to 5 could be readily employed.

The connector sockets or spring contact clips, which might close the circuit across contact pins or bosses at the ends ofthe jaws 44 of the heaters might be conveniently arranged in rows in lieuA of the rods 15 to 11.

It is apparent that many other variations and modications nightbe made in the device as specically described by way of illustration above and it is to be understood that the illustrative l embodiments described thereinhave been set heating eiect, and if desired, the space between the plates 302 and 303 may be provided with an annular closure to decrease the cooling rate of the disk 304.

What is claimed is:

1. A process of permanently Waving womens hair which comprises selecting a strand of hair, clamping the strand closely adjacent the scalp, winding the strand upon a curling rod until Wound up to the place of clamping, enclosing the wound up strand in a moistened pad, preheating two metal surfaces to a desired elevated temperature to cause several minutes steaming of the pad Without additional heating, indicating when the surfaceshave been heated and are being maintained at said desired temperature, and then clamping the pad between the previously heated metal surfaces.

2. A process oi--permanently Waving womens hair which comprises dividing the. head into areas of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strands into tight coils up to the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements indicating the duration of the heating period and also when the metal elements have been suiciently heated, thereupon automatically cutting o the current, removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils; indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool'.

3. A process of permanently waving womens hair which comprises dividing the head into areas of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, Winding up ,the

strands into tight coils up to the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements lby a heater device, indicating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have been suiiciently heated, thereupon automatically cutting off the current, removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from.

the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads ,to permit the hair coils to cool, said heater device heating said metal elements in groups andsaid elements being placed upon the enclosed hair coils successively and removed in the same ord'er in said groups.

4. A process of permanently Waving womens hair which comprises dividing the head into areas of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas,vclamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strands into tight coils up to the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements, indicating the heating period and also indicating When the metal elements have been suiiciently heated, thereupon automatically cutting off the current, removing said metal elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in 'the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool, said indicating being achieved by actuating visual signals.

5. A process of permanently Waving Womens hair Which comprises dividing the head into areas of desired size, position and shape, selecting strands from said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, Winding up the strands into tight coils up to the place oi clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating a series of cylindrical metal elements, indicating the heating period and also indicating When the metal elements have been sufficiently heated, thereupon automatically cutting off the current, removing said metalV elements successively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, testing the character of the hair to determine the length of time said elements should be applied and when they should be removed, indicating when the metal elements should be removed from the hair coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool.

`a number of test` strands from certain of said areas, clamping the strands of hair closely adjacent the scalp, winding up the strands into tight coils up to-the place of clamping, enclosing said coils in form retaining absorbent pads backed by metal foil, then heating the same number of cylindrical metal elements, indicating the heating period and also indicating when the metal elements have been suiiiciently heated, thereupon automatically cutting off the current, applying the heated metal elements to the test strands for diilerent periods to determine the proper length of the heating period, then clamping, winding and enclosing the' strands from the remaining areas as previously describedand heating and indicating the remaining metal elements as aforedescribed, then removing said metal elements ysuccessively from the heater device and clamping them onto the enclosed coils, indicating when the metal elements should be -removed from the halr'coils and successively removing them from said coils and replacing them in the same order in the heater device and then removing the pads to permit the hair coils to cool.

7. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters with curved jaws to conform to the shape of a hair coil to be preheated and applied to the hair to cause waving; said rods applying heat to said heaters to be stored and expended when waved. v

8. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a `plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of I heaters, each provided with two elongated partial cylindrical bulged jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said jaw members being provided with heat'insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together, each of said heating rods including a cylindrical metal shell, a porcelain rod therein carrying a resistance coil and an insulating material between the coil and the shell.

9. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two elongated partial cylindrical ja`w members consisting of a heat storing lmetal alloy, said jaw members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together, the coil of each of said'heating rods being electrically insulated from the shell, said coil being wound more closely adjacent the ends of the shell.

10. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disppsed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil,l said rods receiving-a plurality of heaters, ,each-provided with two elongated partial lcylindrical'jaw members consisting of a heat y storing metal alloy, said jaw members being provided with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members tgether, and signal means to indicate the heat-` ing period and another signal to indicate when said rods have been heated to proper temperature.

11. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with'an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two elongated partial cylindrical jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said jaw members being providedv with heat insulated handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together, said rods being arranged in groups, one group being for test purposes and other groups being for the heating of the heaters to be successively applied to the hair during a permanent waving operation, and means for successively 'heating said groups.

12. An electrical preheater comprising an obliquely disposed panel board with an upwardlyfacing recess receiving a plurality of parallelly disposed rods, each enclosing an electrical resistance coil, said rods receiving a plurality of heaters, each provided with two elongated partial cylindrical jaw members consisting of a heat storing metal alloy, said Jaw membersbeing provided with heat insulated'handle members and with a spring biasing said jaw members together, said rods being arranged in groups, one group beingfor test purposes and other vgroups being for heating of the heaters tobe successively applied to the lhair during a permanent waving operation, and manual switch means to initiate supply of electrical energy to said rods to ,heat the same provided with a circuit arrange- .rent is on and on'.

ment to enable only one group to be heated atv af time.

13. An electrical pre-heater for heaters to be used in permanent hair waving comprising a stand to be supported upon the iloor, an obliquely disposed panel boardv carrying controls at the lower portion thereof and carrying at the upper portion thereof a plurality of elongated electrical resistance heater rods to receive the heaters', each including a metallic shell, a porcelain rod supported therewithin, a heating coil wound on said rod and an inert ller between said coil and said shell, means for supplying electrical current to said coil and means for automatically cutting off current to said coil when the heaters have been raised to a predetermined temperature, said rods being horizontally and parallelly disposed. K

14. An electrical pre-heater for heatersto be stand to be supported upon the floor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying controls j at the lower portion thereof and carrying at the upper portion thereof .a' plurality of resistance heated rods to 'cooperate with said heat storing' and transferring Aheaters to be first placed on the 20 used in permanent hair waving comprising a A rods and then on clamped coils of hair enclosed lelly disposed.

15. An electrical pre-heater for heaters to 'be vused in permanent hair waving comprising a stand to be supported upon the floor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying .controls at the lower portion thereof and carrying at the lupper portion thereof a plurality of resistance heater elements to receive the heaters, a manual control to enable supply of current thereto, an automatic control lto out off the current when the heaters have been elevated to proper temperature and signals to indicatefwhen the cur- 16. An electrical pre-heater for preheating heaters to be used in permanent hair waving com'- prising a stand to be supported upon the iloor, an obliquely disposed panel board carrying controls at the lower portion .thereof and carrying at the upp'erportion thereof a plurality ofresistance heater rod elements to receive the heaters, a manual control to enable supply of current thereto and an automatic control to cut oi the current when the elements have been elevated to proper temperature, said heater elements being arrangedso as to enable independent heating thereof, whereby separate elements may be successively raised to the desired elevated temperature.

17. An electrical pre-heater for ,preheating heaters to be used in permanent hair waving comprising a stand to be supported uponf the oor,

18. A hair waving pre-heater comprising at.

stand, a panel construction carried by said' stand adjacent the upper portion thereof, said panel carrying a plurality of heater receptors for said heaters to enable preheating of said heaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energization of a receptor or selected group of receptors and preheating of the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the receptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled.

19. A hair Waving preheater for hair waving heaters comprising a stand, a panel construction carried by said stand adjacent the upper portiony thereof, said panel carrying a plurality of heater receptors for said heaters to enable preheating of said heaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energization of a receptor or selected group of receptors and preheating of the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the receptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled, said heater receptors each including a rod with a metallic shell and electric heating resistance in said metallic shell and electrically insulated from said shell, the Winding of said coil being closer at the ends of said rod than in the middle portion of said rod.

20. A hair Waving pre-heater for hair Waving heaters comprising a stand, a panel construction carried by said stand adjacent the upper portion thereof, said panel carrying a plurality of heater receptors for said heaters to enable preheating of said heaters and a control board provided with manual means to permit energization of a receptor or selected group of receptors and pre- Q heating of the heaters thereby and also provided with means to indicate when the receptors are being energized and when the heaters have cooled. said panel construction being obliquely disposed and being provided with a recess receiving said heater receptors and an insulating panel -positioned behind said heater receptor and thermostatic and relay switch controls carried by said insulated panel.

GOTTHARD FREUDENBERG. ALFRED EDMUND REIMERS. 

